There are 4 types of eye melanomas: 1 from the iris and 3 from the uvea (the front part of the eye). Their behavior is variable.

Melanoma's were also described in the vicinity of the eye: pigmented masses arising from melanocytes in the sclera or the connective tissue underneath the eyelids may stand out.

Behavior

Iris melanoma: a discrete, dark lumpy mass emerges from the iris.

Ciliary body melanoma: appears as a dark mass in the eye that distorts the pupil and protrudes through it.

Choroidal melanoma: affects the choroids and the retina. Initially no visual abnormalities or inflammations are observed. At a later stage, the patient may experience complications such as blindness, glaucoma, retinal detachment.

For melanoma's in the vicinty of the eye, sometimes local invasion of the cornea may be present, as well as increased tear flow and mild mucous membrane irritation. These injuries have so far been described as benign, but prompt medical intervention is always advisable.

Prevalence

Melanoma's near the eye are mostly found in female dogs 5-6 years of age.

Race predisposition

Melanoma's near the eye are mostly seen in German Shepherds.

First and foremost, an extensive eye examination must be performed: slit lamp microscope, gonioscopy, tonometry and fundoscopy. In addition, the superficial lymph nodes and needle aspirates should be taken, as well as a chest radiograph and abdominal ultrasound to detect metastases.

Surgical removal of the eye is recommended for growing masses. If the mass is limited and non-invasive, this can be removed locally.

For melanoma's in the vicinity of the eye surgery is recommended if the tumor is growing quickly. Usually this tumor does not behave aggressively and surgery is rarely needed.

The prognosis is good. Most tumors are benign with a minimal risk of metastasis.

For melanoma's near the eye relapse following surgery occurs in more than 30% of dogs. However, it takes 2-3 years for this mass to enter the anterior chamber of the eye and there is a need for eye removal. Eye removal is curative and recommended if a painful eye condition develops.